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	<title>Satyagraha Foundation &#187; Bart de Ligt Project</title>
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	<link>https://www.satyagrahafoundation.org</link>
	<description>for Nonviolence Studies</description>
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		<title>Gandhi and War: The Mahatma Gandhi / Bart de Ligt Correspondence</title>
		<link>https://www.satyagrahafoundation.org/gandhi-and-war-the-mahatma-gandhi-bart-de-ligt-correspondence/</link>
		<comments>https://www.satyagrahafoundation.org/gandhi-and-war-the-mahatma-gandhi-bart-de-ligt-correspondence/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 22 Aug 2013 09:21:34 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>joseph</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Bart de Ligt Project]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Gandhi]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Pacifism]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Theory]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Tolstoy]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.satyagrahafoundation.org/?p=2984</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[by Christian Bartolf Four times Gandhi offered his services to the army: in 1899-1900 during the Boer War, in 1906 on the occasion of the so-called Zulu Rebellion, in 1914 during his stay in London at the outset of World War I; and lastly in India in 1918 near the conclusion of that war. After [...]]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>The Mahatma Gandhi / Bart de Ligt Public Correspondence On Peace and War</title>
		<link>https://www.satyagrahafoundation.org/the-mahatma-gandhi-bart-de-ligt-public-correspondence-on-peace-and-war/</link>
		<comments>https://www.satyagrahafoundation.org/the-mahatma-gandhi-bart-de-ligt-public-correspondence-on-peace-and-war/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 22 Aug 2013 09:16:14 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Mohandas Gandhi</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Bart de Ligt Project]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Gandhi]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Pacifism]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Theory]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Tolstoy]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.satyagrahafoundation.org/?p=3061</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[In the years immediately following World War I, Western pacifists were seeing with alarming clarity the possibility of another war, and speaking out with increasing urgency against militarism. Having suffered through the trauma of appalling destruction, pacifist writing in the 1920s and 1930s has the aura of a survival myth. The advent of Gandhian satyagraha [...]]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>The Mahatma Gandhi / Vladimir Tchertkov Public Correspondence On Peace and War</title>
		<link>https://www.satyagrahafoundation.org/the-mahatma-gandhi-vladimir-tchertkov-public-correspondence-on-peace-and-war/</link>
		<comments>https://www.satyagrahafoundation.org/the-mahatma-gandhi-vladimir-tchertkov-public-correspondence-on-peace-and-war/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 22 Aug 2013 09:15:14 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Mohandas Gandhi</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Bart de Ligt Project]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Gandhi]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Pacifism]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Theory]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Tolstoy]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.satyagrahafoundation.org/?p=3091</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[My article, “My Attitude Towards War”, published in Young India, 13th September 1928, has given rise to much correspondence with me and in the European press that is interested in war against war. In the personal correspondence there is a letter from Tolstoy’s friend and follower, V. Tchertkov, which, coming as it does from one [...]]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>https://www.satyagrahafoundation.org/the-mahatma-gandhi-vladimir-tchertkov-public-correspondence-on-peace-and-war/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>My Correspondence with Gandhi</title>
		<link>https://www.satyagrahafoundation.org/my-correspondence-with-gandhi/</link>
		<comments>https://www.satyagrahafoundation.org/my-correspondence-with-gandhi/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 22 Aug 2013 09:14:09 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>joseph</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Bart de Ligt Project]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Gandhi]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Pacifism]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Theory]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Tolstoy]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.satyagrahafoundation.org/?p=3139</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[by Bart de Ligt From Germany, Austria and other countries, I have been urged for information about my correspondence with Gandhi, which so far has only been published in French, English and Dutch and for various reasons could not be published in German. I am therefore most grateful to the editorial staff of Neue Generation [...]]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Mahatma Gandhi&#8217;s Attitude Towards War</title>
		<link>https://www.satyagrahafoundation.org/mahatma-gandhis-attitude-towards-war/</link>
		<comments>https://www.satyagrahafoundation.org/mahatma-gandhis-attitude-towards-war/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 22 Aug 2013 09:13:22 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>joseph</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Bart de Ligt Project]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Gandhi]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Pacifism]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Theory]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Tolstoy]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.satyagrahafoundation.org/?p=3150</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[by Bart de Ligt At the Congress of War Resisters, held in Lyons, August 1931, Tolstoy’s last secretary, Valentin Bulgakov spoke of the &#8220;great experience&#8221; gained by India in its struggle against England. Not without reason did he express admiration for the role Gandhi played in this struggle. But Bulgakov tended to attribute to the [...]]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>A Reply to B. de Ligt Concerning his Correspondence with Gandhi</title>
		<link>https://www.satyagrahafoundation.org/a-reply-to-b-de-ligt-concerning-his-correspondence-with-gandhi/</link>
		<comments>https://www.satyagrahafoundation.org/a-reply-to-b-de-ligt-concerning-his-correspondence-with-gandhi/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 22 Aug 2013 09:10:46 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>joseph</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Bart de Ligt Project]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Gandhi]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Pacifism]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Theory]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.satyagrahafoundation.org/?p=3158</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[by Richard Gregg Those who are familiar with Gandhi&#8217;s life will recall that up to 1919 he believed that the British Empire did more good than harm to the world and to India. He had not then evolved his program of hand spinning and weaving, nor in his South African struggles had he used the [...]]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>https://www.satyagrahafoundation.org/a-reply-to-b-de-ligt-concerning-his-correspondence-with-gandhi/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Bart de Ligt (1883-1938): Non-Violent Anarcho-Pacifist</title>
		<link>https://www.satyagrahafoundation.org/bart-de-ligt-1883-1938-non-violent-anarcho-pacifist/</link>
		<comments>https://www.satyagrahafoundation.org/bart-de-ligt-1883-1938-non-violent-anarcho-pacifist/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 20 May 2013 12:04:18 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>joseph</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Bart de Ligt Project]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Biography]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[History]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Pacifism]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Theory]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.satyagrahafoundation.org/?p=2656</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[by Peter van den Dungen On 3 September 1938, within a year of the publication of The Conquest of Violence (his only book translated into English), Bart de Ligt collapsed and died in the railway station at Nantes. He had been taken ill in Bretagne and was on his way home to Geneva. Only 55, [...]]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>https://www.satyagrahafoundation.org/bart-de-ligt-1883-1938-non-violent-anarcho-pacifist/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>The Effectiveness of Non-Violent Struggle</title>
		<link>https://www.satyagrahafoundation.org/the-effectiveness-of-non-violent-struggle/</link>
		<comments>https://www.satyagrahafoundation.org/the-effectiveness-of-non-violent-struggle/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 13 May 2013 10:27:35 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>joseph</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Bart de Ligt Project]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[History]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Strategy & Tactics]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Theory]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Tolstoy]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.satyagrahafoundation.org/?p=2575</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[by Bart de Ligt We would do well to situate in an historical context not only this far-ranging essay by the Dutch anarcho-pacifist Bart de Ligt (1883-1938) but Gandhi’s writings as well. It is easy to lose sight of the international foment at the time of Gandhi’s nonviolent campaigns in South Africa and India, and [...]]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>https://www.satyagrahafoundation.org/the-effectiveness-of-non-violent-struggle/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Nonviolent Revolution: Origins of the Concept</title>
		<link>https://www.satyagrahafoundation.org/nonviolent-revolution-origins-of-the-concept/</link>
		<comments>https://www.satyagrahafoundation.org/nonviolent-revolution-origins-of-the-concept/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 12 Mar 2013 10:20:20 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Geoffrey Ostergaard</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Bart de Ligt Project]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Gandhi]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[History]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Satyagraha]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Tolstoy]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.satyagrahafoundation.org/?p=2344</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[by Geoffrey Ostergaard “Nonviolent revolution” is a relatively novel and, at first glance, paradoxical concept. In classifying principled nonviolence, Gene Sharp describes it as “the most recent type”, dating from about 1945, and as “still very much a direction of developing thought and action rather than a fixed ideology and program.” (1) As the term [...]]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>https://www.satyagrahafoundation.org/nonviolent-revolution-origins-of-the-concept/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Gandhian Nonviolence: Moral Principle or Political Technique</title>
		<link>https://www.satyagrahafoundation.org/gandhian-nonviolence-moral-principle-or-political-technique/</link>
		<comments>https://www.satyagrahafoundation.org/gandhian-nonviolence-moral-principle-or-political-technique/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 21 Feb 2013 10:28:43 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Geoffrey Ostergaard</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Bart de Ligt Project]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Gandhi]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Satyagraha]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Strategy & Tactics]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.satyagrahafoundation.org/?p=2107</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[by Geoffrey Ostergaard The early 20th century European anarchist-pacifist movement was early influenced by Gandhian nonviolence. Many anarcho-pacifists, such as Ostergaard and Bart de Ligt, found in satyagraha and Gandhi’s social programs the counterpart for the more violent European anarchist strains they were eager to reject. Ostergaard’s distinction between nonviolence as a moral principle and [...]]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
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